A food worker wearing artificial nails - Skaggs Postal Uniforms play a crucial role in promoting brand identity for the United States Postal Service (USPS). As the primary public face of the USPS, postal workers wearing t...

 
Similarly, a study by McNeil et al. (2001) found that “beforehand cleansing, 86% of healthcare workers wearing artificial nails had a pathogen isolated, as compared with only 35% of those who had natural nails” (para. 1). The authors suggested that one of the reasons that could have led to such high levels of bacteria were that many .... 3501 brandon road joliet il 60436

It is up to each health care worker, to become a model of prevention. This includes not wearing artificial nails, keeping nails trimmed and neat, and washing hands when necessary. References citing research referred to in this article may be obtained in the Medical Center Infection Control office (room 286, main hospital).The primary locations where a food worker can wash her hands include: 1. **In the kitchen:** Food workers should have easy access to handwashing facilities within the kitchen or food preparation area. These sinks should have hot and cold running water, soap, and disposable paper towels or air dryers. Additional FAQs: In many places, wearing nail polish or artificial nails is actually prohibited for food workers due to health and safety concerns. Contents [ show] 1. Can nail polish and artificial nails really harbor harmful bacteria? Yes, nail polish and artificial nails create a perfect breeding ground for bacteria to thrive. by Foodly Experts il y a 2 ans 819 Views. Yes, you can. Then, Can I have nails as a server? Can you wear acrylic nails as a waitress. According to the 2017 FDA Food Code, a food employee may not wear artificial fingernails which include acrylic nails unless one is wearing intact gloves when handling food. Similarly, Can you have …If a food worker chooses to wear nail polish or artificial nails, gloves must be worn whenever they are working with food. This will help prevent the nail polish from chipping or an artificial nail from falling into the food. Evidence. Studies have demonstrated strong experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidence that artificial nails can contribute to healthcare associated infections, for example: A prolonged outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a neonatal intensive care unit resulted in 16 deaths. Evidence suggested association with exposure to two nurses ... Fingernails — Maintenance (FDA Food Code 2-302.11). (1) foodemployees shall keep their fingernails trimmed, filed, and maintained so the edges and surfaces are cleanable and not rough. (2) Unless wearing intact gloves in good repair, a foodemployee may not wear fingernail polish or artificial fingernails while preparing food. [Statutory ...As early as 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published a Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings, which recommended that healthcare workers "not wear ...4. Guideline for bare below the elbows. Healthcare workers should perform hand hygiene in accordance with the National Hand Hygiene Initiative. and Hand Hygiene Australia Manual. Intact skin is a first line defence mechanism against infection1. The World Health Organization recommends that long sleeves be avoided by healthcare workers2.Oct 27, 2023 · When a food worker often wears nail polish or artificial nails, it is important for them to take precautions to protect the food they prepare from contamination. One way to do this is by wearing gloves while handling food. Gloves act as a barrier between the nails and the food, preventing any bacteria or chemicals from being transferred. Nails – should be kept short and clean. Dirt that gets trapped under nails can harbour bacteria which can contaminate food. Nail varnish/false nails can present ‘unnatural hazards’ by flaking off or coming loose. Hair – hair is to be neat and tidy and washed as often as needed. Food service staff who spend a lot of time in the kitchen ...Work Appropriate Nails. How long should your nails be when working in healthcare? A very common question, especially among women. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) healthcare workers should keep the natural length of nails trimmed to about 0.25 inch in …The CDC strongly discourages healthcare workers who provide direct patient care to wear artificial nails. The dip powder method is supposedly a process that ...Gloves must always be worn by food workers who choose to have their nails painted or have artificial nails applied. This method will ensure that the nail polish does not chip or an artificial nail does not fall into the food. ... The 2017 FDA Food Code states that only clean and well-maintained gloves may be used by food employees when wearing ...➢ Unless wearing intact gloves in good repair, FOOD EMPLOYEES may not wear fingernail polish or artificial nails while preparing food. Jewelry. ➢ FOOD ... Chapter 6 infection control fundementals. Aseptic hand washing includes ____. Click the card to flip 👆. keeping your hands lower than your forearms. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 / 56. To prevent contamination while preparing a salad, a food worker wearing artificial nails should take the following steps: 1. Proper hand hygiene: Before starting the food preparation process, the worker should thoroughly wash their hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds.Employees who handle food or food contact surfaces cannot wear artificial fingernails or nail polish while engaged in such work. While preparing food, employees cannot wear jewelry on their arms and hands except for a plain ring such as a wedding band. (This prohibition does not apply to a wristwatch if it is not in contact with food)The CDC and World Health Organization (WHO) both discourage health care professionals from wearing artificial nails. 12,13 The application of artificial nails—such as overlays, acrylics, wraps, gels, tips, silks, fiberglass, and bonding—can cause trauma to the natural nail, resulting in onychomycosis or bacterial infection. 10 Infections ...Eggshell nails are caused by nutritional deficiencies, medications, and stress. Eggshell nails are thin, brittle nails that are often white in color and naturally rounded. Experts ...Oct 11, 2020 · Response From the Expert About Wearing Artificial Nails Your question is timely in light of a number of ongoing initiatives to decrease healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). As early as 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published a Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings, which recommended that healthcare workers 'not wear artificial nails or extenders ... Response From the Expert About Wearing Artificial Nails Your question is timely in light of a number of ongoing initiatives to decrease healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). As early as 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published a Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings, which recommended …2. Food handlers may not wear artificial nails or artificial nail products (eg, tips, overlays, wraps, etc). A. True B. False 3. How long should you wash your hands (at least this long)? A. 20 seconds C. 30 seconds B. 25 seconds D. 40 seconds 4. List three instances when it is crucial to wash hands. 5.Terms in this set (50) Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Why should an NA not wear artificial nails to work?, Standard Precautions include the following measures:, An NA will come into contact with microorganisms and more.4. Guideline for bare below the elbows. Healthcare workers should perform hand hygiene in accordance with the National Hand Hygiene Initiative. and Hand Hygiene Australia Manual. Intact skin is a first line defence mechanism against infection1. The World Health Organization recommends that long sleeves be avoided by healthcare workers2.The CDC guidelines say that health care personnel should not wear artificial nails and should keep natural nails less than one quarter inch long if they care for patients at high risk of acquiring infections (e.g. patients in intensive care units or in transplant units). The WHO guidelines prohibit artificial nails and extenders for all healthcare workers.Gloves must always be worn by food workers who choose to have their nails painted or have artificial nails applied. This method will ensure that the nail polish does not chip or an artificial nail does not fall into the food. ... The 2017 FDA Food Code states that only clean and well-maintained gloves may be used by food employees when wearing ...Conclusion. In conclusion, while it is technically possible to wear acrylic nails when working with food, it is not recommended due to the potential risks of contamination. Acrylic nails can harbor bacteria and pose a threat to food safety and hygiene standards. Manual 2. Proper food worker hygiene includes: Click the card to flip 👆. Not working with food when sick, wash hands right away at the right time, use clean gloves and utensils when handling food, keep fingernails trimmed. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 / 43. Both nail polish and plastic or acrylic nails can trap moisture and fungi. JCAHO Recommendations. One of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization's (JCAHO) 2007 National ...InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips What is business casual? It may not mean the same thing it did before 2020. Wor... InvestorPlace - Stock Market N...The wearing of false fingernails, false eyelashes, eyelash extensions, long nails, or fingernail polish is not permitted when handling exposed food. Federal law applies here for anyone handling the food or even the packaging. CFR 21 Chap 1B Subpart A 110.10 states: (b) Cleanliness.Jun 26th, 2014. The life of a health care professional includes a seemingly endless line of protocol, and in the last few years the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) issued specific guidelines for how health care professionals can wear their nails, which means—among other things—no artificial enhancements. To protect patient safety, health ...A food worker often wears nail polish or artificial nails? **No, a food worker should not wear nail polish or artificial nails while working with food.** When it comes to food safety, cleanliness is of the utmost importance.Sore throat with fever. What is the minimum length of time that hands and arms should be scrubbed while handwashing? 10-15 seconds. What is the final step in the handwashing process? Drying hands and arms using a single-use paper towel or hand dryer. What must food handlers do before they start to work their shift?Types. Artificial nails are an extension, not a replacement, of natural nails. There are two main approaches to creating artificial nails – tips and forms: A tip is a heavyweight nail-shaped plastic plate glued on the end of the natural nail, or, if it is a full-cover tip or "press-on", glued on top of the entire nailbed, and can have gel, dip or acrylic added on topFind step-by-step Health solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: What must a food worker do if they have fingernail polish or fake nails? a) work only in non-food areas b) keep fingernails under 1/4 inch long c) wear gloves when working with food d) apply a clear protectant coat. However, artificial nails may harbor organisms and prevent effective handwashing. Higher number of gram negative microorganisms have been cultured from the fingertips of personnel wearing artificial nails than from personnel with natural nails, both before and after handwashing. Numerous state boards of cosmetology report that fungal growth ... Several controlled studies show that artificial nails harbour more bacteria than do natural nails. In a 1998 study, a perioperative nurse manager and clinical ...User: A food worker wearing artificial fingernails is preparing salad for lunch rush what should she do to prevent herself from contaminating the salad Weegy: If a food worker chooses to wear nail polish or artificial nails, gloves must be worn whenever they are working with food.[ This will help prevent the nail polish from chipping or an …Types. Artificial nails are an extension, not a replacement, of natural nails. There are two main approaches to creating artificial nails – tips and forms: A tip is a heavyweight nail-shaped plastic plate glued on the end of the natural nail, or, if it is a full-cover tip or "press-on", glued on top of the entire nailbed, and can have gel, dip or acrylic added on topObjective: To determine differences in the identity and quantity of microbial flora from healthcare workers (HCWs) wearing artificial nails compared with control HCWs with native nails. Design: Two separate studies were undertaken. In study 1, 12 HCWs who did not normally wear artificial nails wore polished artificial nails on their nondominant …Some restaurants may allow workers to wear gloves with acrylic nails as long as the nails are kept clean and maintained to prevent them from falling off and potentially contaminating food. However, other restaurants may have strict policies that prohibit workers from wearing fake nails or gloves with long or sharp nails for food safety reasons.How should the food worker protect the food she prepares from contamination? a. Wear gloves when working with food. b. Wash her hands twice as often as normal. c. Report to her manager if she loses an artificial nail. d. Use a clear coat of nail polish to keep the paint from chipping. Review Later.Kitchen employees who wear fingernail polish or artificial nails should wear gloves when preparing food. Servers who wear polish and artificial nails should make sure their nails are well maintained and clean. Perception is reality for a customer—chipped polish and dirty fingernails as signs of poor restaurant employee hygiene. 3.Several controlled studies show that artificial nails harbour more bacteria than do natural nails. In a 1998 study, a perioperative nurse manager and clinical ...Home Wikipedia 10+ a food worker wearing artificial nails most accurate 10+ a food worker wearing artificial nails most accurate Wikipedia Tùng Lâm &bullet; 10 Tháng Mười Một, 2022It’s summer in the northern hemisphere, and with it comes cool fresh salads, delicious ripe fruit and favorites like corn and other fresh veggies on the grill. But, looking down at...Agriculture is a vital industry that provides us with the food we eat and the resources we use every day. Behind every successful farm, there is a team of knowledgeable farm worker...May 24, 2001 · ATLANTA, Ga-Officials at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have published a new guideline on hand hygiene that states healthcare workers (HCWs) should not wear artificial nails. The guideline says artificial nails or nail extenders should not be worn by nurses who treat patients. Artificial nails harbor pathogens that can ... To remove artificial nails, you often need to soak in acetone or file them off. If you want to wear artificial nails for more than a few weeks, you’ll need touch-ups every 2 to 3 weeks to fill in the gaps that appear as your nails grow. Frequent touch-ups can seriously damage your natural nails. In short, artificial nails can leave your nails ...• Food service workers who directly handle food. ... The following groups of employees. are not permitted. to wear artificial fingernails and are to maintain natural nails at a length no longer then <= ¼ inch. Employee's manager may request staff to maintain a shorter length for patient safety needs. This group may wear nail polish if in ...The answer is, in short, no. Food workers should not wear artificial nails while on the job. FAQs: 1. Why is it unsafe for food workers to wear artificial nails? …The wearing of artificial nails, nail polish, and long, natural nails is problematic because they are more likely to harbor pathogens that quickly multiply in moist environments, such as the area underneath gloves. 10 As gloves may have unseen defects or tear during treatment, patients may become exposed to these pathogens.glove may work on one hand with a utensil used by the other hand. Section 1.2 – Gloves must be worn when: 1. If you have a bandage, infection, cut or sore on hands or arms and avoid direct food handling duties temporarily. 2. When food workers wear artificial nails or fingernail polish must wear disposable gloves when handling food. 3.Therefore, if WHO is chosen, no direct care providers should have artificial nails or extenders. If CDC is chosen, providers in high-risk areas must not wear artificial nails. Many organizations following CDC guidelines have chosen to expand the ban on artificial nails, nail gels, gel colors, etc., to all care providers in the interest of safety.23 Jun 2023 ... Cooking with Long Fake Nails| Is it right? 76 views · 10 months ago ...more ... Risk Factors In Nail Polish. There’s a reason why Health Departments do not allow polished nails for people who handle food. Artificial or acrylic nails are also not allowed. All of these serve as a great risk for food contamination. Nail polish can imply minimal harm, but the risk is still there. The Department of Health considers this as ... Hygiene Concerns. One of the major concerns regarding wearing nail polish while handling food is the potential for chipping or flaking. If nail polish chips off, the small particles can easily become mixed into the food, presenting a health hazard to consumers. Additionally, bacteria can thrive in the spaces between the nail and the polish ... The food worker wearing artificial fingernails should take the following steps to prevent cross-contamination:Step 1: Remove the artificial nailsArtificial nails can harbor harmful bacteria that can contaminate the food. Therefore, the food worker should remove the artificial nails before preparing food.Step 2: Wash hands thoroughlyThe food ...Nail art and/or nail jewelry is not acceptable in healthcare settings. Nail extenders, nail wraps, artificial fingernails, and artificial nail components (for example gel) are not to be worn by healthcare workers who provide direct patient care. Patient care staff in Neonatal Intensive Care (NICU) areas does not wear jewelry on hands or wrists.How often should food workers wash their hands? Food workers should wash their hands frequently, especially after handling raw food, touching their face or hair, or engaging in other activities that may contaminate their hands. 8. Can food workers wear nail polish or artificial nails? The presence of nail polish or artificial nails can hinder ...KIT NAILS & SPA, Barberton, Ohio. 1,033 likes · 11 talking about this · 1,585 were here. Nail SalonJun 26th, 2014. The life of a health care professional includes a seemingly endless line of protocol, and in the last few years the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) issued specific guidelines for how health care professionals can wear their nails, which means—among other things—no artificial enhancements. To protect patient safety, health ...Nail artist Pattie Yankee's Inspire Nails are a pro go-to and a great canvas to use to create your own designs. These press-on nails come pre-glued, so you don't have to worry about making a mess ...(b)Unless wearing intact gloves in good repair, a FOOD EMPLOYEE may not wear fingernail polish or artificial fingernails when working with exposed FOOD.Pf (7) ...–When food workers wear artificial nails or fingernail polish they must wear disposable gloves when handling food • Glove use is optional to handle raw meats, but can be used for preparation tasks such as breading/battering meats, poultry, seafood, or vegetables Presentation prepared by the Food Contact and Utensil Barrier Usage Committee ...To determine differences in the identity and quantity of microbial flora from healthcare workers (HCWs) wearing artificial nails compared with control HCWs with native nails. Two separate studies ...Background: Acrylic nails harbor more bacteria than natural nails, and wear is not recommended for health care workers (HCWs). Little is known about the new and popular gel nail products. This study sought to evaluate the bacterial burden of gel nails, standard nail polish, and natural nails on the hands of HCWs.No fingernail polish or artificial nails allowed when working with exposed foods. 5. Do not wear jewelry on arms and hands. A plain wedding band is allowed. 6. Follow good hygienic practices. Wear clean clothes. No eating, drinking, or tobacco in food prep areas.Artificial nails can introduce bacteria, dirt, and other contaminants into food, especially if they are long or not properly maintained. Thus, it is generally recommended that food workers avoid wearing artificial nails to prevent potential foodborne illness and maintain a safe working environment.Use a scrub brush soaked in 70%-90% alcohol to scrub equipment. Then rinse tools in hot water and dry completely. The underside of the nail should be gently cleansed as part of handwashing. The number of pathogenic organisms on an intact coat of polish is similar to that of unpolished fingernails.Objective: To determine differences in the identity and quantity of microbial flora from healthcare workers (HCWs) wearing artificial nails compared with control HCWs with native nails. Design: Two separate studies were undertaken. In study 1, 12 HCWs who did not normally wear artificial nails wore polished artificial nails on their nondominant …A food handler may wear nail polish while working with food if a. gloves are applied b. artificial fingernails are worn c. the nails are cut short d. the polish is a light color Mrs. Fiore is a retired federal worker with coverage under a Federal Employee Health Benefits (FEHB) plan that includes creditable drug coverage.Can an employee wear artificial nails or fingernail polish? According to the 2017 FDA Food Code, the food employee may wear artificial nails or fingernail polish …Florida Administrative Code 64E-11. Georgia. Department of Agriculture Food Safety Retail Program. Rules of Georgia Department of Agriculture (available in PDF) Georgia. Department of Public ...Similarly, a study by McNeil et al. (2001) found that “beforehand cleansing, 86% of healthcare workers wearing artificial nails had a pathogen isolated, as compared with only 35% of those who had natural nails” (para. 1). The authors suggested that one of the reasons that could have led to such high levels of bacteria were that many ...Response From the Expert About Wearing Artificial Nails Your question is timely in light of a number of ongoing initiatives to decrease healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). As early as 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published a Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings, which recommended that healthcare workers 'not wear artificial nails or extenders ...Table of Contents. The Allure of Artificial Nails. Adding Color and Creativity to Culinary Creations. Safety Concerns in the Kitchen. Bacteria and Hygiene Risks. Understanding the Potential Hazards. Food Safety Regulations. Rules and Guidelines in Food Preparation Areas. Importance of Compliance. Keeping Food Safe and Yummy.The CDC guidelines say that health care personnel should not wear artificial nails and should keep natural nails less than one quarter inch long if they care for patients at high risk of acquiring infections (e.g. patients in intensive care units or in transplant units). The WHO guidelines prohibit artificial nails and extenders for all healthcare workers.The use of artificial nails has become a popular fashion trend, and many health care workers are following this trend. There is debate whether artificial nails are putting patients at risk of nosocomial infections. Researchers have shown that the colony counts on artificial nails are greater than the colony counts on native nails.Response From the Expert About Wearing Artificial Nails Your question is timely in light of a number of ongoing initiatives to decrease healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). As early as 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published a Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings, which recommended that healthcare workers 'not wear artificial nails or extenders ...I think kitchen workers should be given a choice between "naked" nails and gloves. The latter is preferable to handwashing alone anyway. 11. MrsCaptainFail. • 8 mo. ago. Depends on the regulations and their job. Not all food codes exclude nails or nail polish. If someone is only working the register their not likely to contaminate food. What should a food worker use to retrieve ice from an ice machine? A scoop stored outside the ice. A food worker cooks scrambled eggs that will be served immediately. What is the minimum internal temperature that the eggs must reach during cooking? 145°F (63°C) What should you do when a garbage can is nearly full? While maintaining clean hands and nails by washing hands thoroughly is critically important, especially before starting to prepare or serve food, after using the toilet, and whenever hands become soiled, the wearing of gloves is a necessary additional precaution when fingernail polish or fake nails are present. Moreover, food workers should ...Wearing fingernail polish or artificial fingernails when working with exposed food is not allowed unless the food employee is wearing single-use gloves. Hair Restraints Food employees are required to wear hair restraints such as hair nets, hats, and beard nets that are effective in keeping hair under control. Work ClothingFingernails — Maintenance (FDA Food Code 2-302.11). (1) foodemployees shall keep their fingernails trimmed, filed, and maintained so the edges and surfaces are cleanable and not rough. (2) Unless wearing intact gloves in good repair, a foodemployee may not wear fingernail polish or artificial fingernails while preparing food. [Statutory ... A food worker wearing artificial fingernails is preparing salads for a lunch rush What should she do to prevent herself from contaminating the salad? a. Wash her hands twice as often b. Wear gloves when preparing the salad c. Remove any fingernail that falls into a salad d. Apply a hand antiseptic between preparing each salad Review Later Baran R. Pathogen carriage in health care workers wearing nail cosmetics. [Last accessed on 2020 Apr 09]; Dermatol Online J. 2003 9:1. ... Williams LK. A comparison of hand washing techniques to remove Escherichia coli and caliciviruses under natural or artificial fingernails. J Food Prot. 2003; 66:2296–301.

As well, chipped nail polish or nail polish worn for more than four days has been shown to foster the presence of microorganisms which resist removal by handwashing. Some guidelines have previously recommended that when performing hand hygiene, nails be free of nail polish, and no wearing of jewellery below the elbows, but it is felt that the .... Usps north houston

a food worker wearing artificial nails

You may choose to read these learning objectives with your employees as a part of the stand-up training. After this training, employees will be able to: Practice proper personal hygiene standards. Recognize inappropriate personal wear (jewelry, fake nails, etc.) Use personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent potential food hazards. The most accurate answer to whether food service workers can wear fake nails or nail polish is: No. However, some exceptions might be permissible, such as when workers consistently wear gloves to prevent any direct contact between nails and food. It is crucial for food service employees to practice good hygiene, which includes keeping …It’s summer in the northern hemisphere, and with it comes cool fresh salads, delicious ripe fruit and favorites like corn and other fresh veggies on the grill. But, looking down at...Do: wash and dry your hands thoroughly. keep your nails short and clean. keep your hair clean, tied back or covered at all times. have a clean body and clean clothing at all times. wear protective clothing to protect food from contamination. keep personal belongings and clothing in a locker or changing room. take your apron off before going to ...glove may work on one hand with a utensil used by the other hand. Section 1.2 – Gloves must be worn when: 1. If you have a bandage, infection, cut or sore on hands or arms and avoid direct food handling duties temporarily. 2. When food workers wear artificial nails or fingernail polish must wear disposable gloves when handling food. 3.These studies provide evidence that wearing artificial nails may increase the likelihood that harmful bacteria may be transmitted to patients, posing an infection control risk.[4] Fungus and Artificial Nails Nail fungus is made up of tiny organisms (Tinea unguium) that can infect fingernails and toenails. More than 35 million people in the ...The CDC guidelines say that health care personnel should not wear artificial nails and should keep natural nails less than one quarter inch long if they care for patients at high risk of acquiring infections (e.g. patients in intensive care units or in transplant units). The WHO guidelines prohibit artificial nails and extenders for all healthcare workers.Home Wikipedia 10+ a food worker wearing artificial nails most accurate 10+ a food worker wearing artificial nails most accurate Wikipedia Tùng Lâm &bullet; 10 Tháng Mười Một, 2022The guidance leaves specific policies about nail polish, gels, shellac, and artificial nail extenders to the discretion of infection prevention programs at each facility, with the exception of ...Types. Artificial nails are an extension, not a replacement, of natural nails. There are two main approaches to creating artificial nails – tips and forms: A tip is a heavyweight nail-shaped plastic plate glued on the end of the natural nail, or, if it is a full-cover tip or "press-on", glued on top of the entire nailbed, and can have gel, dip or acrylic added on topNail polish or artificial nails must not be worn in the kitchen. Jewellery, rings and watches. The wearing of jewellery is not acceptable when handling food. Jewellery will trap particles of food and skin cells. It will provide a warm damp environment for bacteria to grow, which can be transferred to food being prepared..

Popular Topics